Table 3 Water absorption index (WAI)1) and water solubility index (WSI)1) of the pulverized and original products of the commercial textured vegetable protein (TVP)
TVP | WAI2) (g/g) | WSI2) (%, d.b ) | WAI(O)2) (g/g) | WSI(O)2) (%, d.b) |
TVP-A | 5.12±0.02a | 26.22±0.29c | 4.29±0.26bcd | 6.17±0.47e |
TVP-B | 4.03±0.00e | 20.35±0.00g | 4.96±0.19ab | 3.56±0.32f |
TVP-C | 3.69±0.11f | 23.68±0.16e | 3.38±0.06efg | 6.52±0.05e |
TVP-D | 4.19±0.01de | 23.96±0.08e | 2.93±0.06fgh | 13.39±0.29c |
TVP-E | 4.49±0.01bc | 27.58±0.01b | 4.07±0.47cde | 14.38±0.91c |
TVP-F | 4.36±0.01cd | 27.38±0.00b | 2.76±0.00fgh | 21.92±0.11a |
TVP-G | 4.42±0.02bcd | 25.29±0.04d | 3.60±0.08def | 8.90±0.12d |
TVP-H | 4.02±0.06e | 21.82±0.09f | 2.93±0.36fgh | 8.43±0.76d |
TVP-I | 3.14±0.04g | 27.29±0.05b | 2.54±0.17gh | 19.89±0.48b |
TVP-J | 4.65±0.02b | 11.10±0.12h | 5.59±0.10a | 2.34±0.25fg |
TVP-K | 4.54±0.16bc | 7.07±0.10i | 4.71±0.35bc | 0.87±0.18g |
TVP-L | 4.63±0.01b | 25.22±0.04d | 4.15±0.05bcde | 18.60±0.73b |
TVP-M | 4.02±0.05e | 21.48±0.02f | 3.04±0.13fgh | 7.49±0.32de |
TVP-N | 3.66±0.03f | 28.36±0.00a | 2.49±0.17h | 18.94±0.03b |
1)Mean values of three replicate measurements; values sharing the same lowercase letters are not significantly different at p<0.05.
2)Both WAI and WSI are obtained from the pulverized textured vegetable proteins, and both WAI(O) and WSI(O) are obtained from the original (nonpulverized) textured vegetable proteins.