Table 4 Water binding capacity, swelling power, solubility, and chromaticity of germinated black soybean (G. max L. cv. Cheongja #3) flours with roasting temperatures and times

Roasting temp. (°C)	Roasting time (min)	Water binding capacity (%)	Water solubility index (%)	Swelling power (%)	Chromaticity
					L-value	a-value	b-value
					160	10	119.10±3.92 ^g1)	52.84±1.78 ^a	33.30±1.44 ^a	30.38±0.26 ^a	-1.76±0.03 ^l	6.64±0.07 ^hij
180	10	145.06±2.72 ^de	47.18±1.07^c	30.28±1.04 ^bc	29.19±0.11 ^b	-1.82±0.03^l	6.80±0.08 ^gh
200	10	151.04±5.02 ^d	49.38±0.98 ^b	30.94±0.71 ^b	27.52±0.57 ^cd	-1.65±0.05 ^k	6.58±0.05 ^ij
220	10	139.07±3.11 ^e	45.89±0.41 ^c	29.09±0.33 ^cd	27.08±0.05 ^cde	-1.14±0.05 ^g	8.17±0.08 ^d
240	10	215.63±0.39 ^b	21.43±0.71 ^f	22.06±0.33 ^f	25.22±0.59 ^f	-0.48±0.05 ^e	8.42±0.11 ^c
160	20	128.32±6.45 ^f	51.02±1.11 ^b	32.74±1.47 ^a	27.90±0.56 ^c	-1.76±0.06 ^l	6.73±0.12 ^ghi
180	20	145.87±3.92 ^de	45.61±1.81 ^c	29.05±1.01 ^cd	26.46±0.25 ^e	-1.51±0.03 ^j	6.54±0.03 ^jk
200	20	139.96±9.22 ^e	50.37±0.50 ^b	31.22±0.22 ^b	26.91±0.34 ^de	-1.36±0.08 ⁱ	7.11±0.07 ^f
220	20	189.91±7.17 ^c	35.92±0.52 ^e	25.35±0.02 ^e	24.44±0.53 ^g	-0.35±0.08 ^d	8.55±0.09 ^c
240	20	218.46±2.56 ^b	17.71±0.09 ^g	21.43±0.15 ^f	19.43±0.80ⁱ	3.63±0.10 ^b	11.51±0.17 ^a
160	30	111.46±2.52 ^g	43.65±1.10 ^d	28.33±0.42 ^d	27.31±0.70 ^cd	-1.61±0.04 ^k	6.38±0.07 ^k
180	30	140.11±4.84 ^e	46.86±1.39 ^c	29.28±0.83 ^cd	25.63±0.21^f	-1.25±0.01 ^h	6.86±0.08 ^g
200	30	140.43±3.48 ^e	47.26±0.41 ^c	29.91±0.31 ^bc	23.87±0.44 ^g	-0.94±0.04 ^f	7.43±0.07 ^e
220	30	192.05±6.86 ^c	36.83±0.96 ^e	25.83±0.59 ^e	22.53±0.07 ^h	1.42±0.01 ^c	10.80±0.06 ^b
240	30	228.12±3.45 ^a	16.87±0.23 ^g	20.85±0.12 ^f	16.09±0.46^j	4.48±0.06 ^a	10.81±0.23 ^a

Water binding capacity, water solubility index and swelling power of germinated black soybean flours were 122.20, 55.54, and 34.74%, respectively. The L-value, a-value, and b-value of germinated black soybean flours were 23.56, -1.40, and 5.41, respectively.
All values are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate determinations. Means with different superscripts within a column (a l) are significantly different at p < 0.05 by a Duncan’s multiple range test.