Table 5 The beneficial effects of functional ingredients on LRP5a in vivo and in vitro

Functional ingredient	Species	Concentration	Effects	Reference
Acaudina	C57BL/6J	80 mg/kg	Subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat, eididymat fat↓	Xu et al., 2014
molpadioides	mice		mRNA level of LRP5↑
Acaudina	3T3-L1	200 μg/mL	Intracellular lipid droplet, TG↓	Xu et al., 2014
molpadioides			mRNA level of LRP5, β-catenin↑, PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1, GPAT1, FAS↓
			Protein level of β-catenin↑, SREBP1↓
Epigalloatechin	3T3-L1	200 μM	Intracellular lipid droplet↓	Lee et al., 2013
			mRNA level of LRP5, Dvl2/3-Protein level of β-catenin↑, PPARγ, C/EBPα↓

LRP5, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; TG, triglyceride; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; C/EBPα, CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein α; SREBP1, sterol responsive element binding protein 1; GPAT1, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1; FAS, fatty acid synthase; Dvl2/3, segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog 2/3