Table 5 Texture analysis of yackwa with different leavening agents

		Leavening agent content (%)
		Control	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.2	1.5
		Baking powder	Hardness (kg)	698.63±364.86bc	1179.16±184.45aA	903.45±395.13abA	473.28±149.26cA	435.09±101.17cA	355.4482±115.51cA
Adhesiveness (kg)	-42.11±18.94bc		-47.16±32.66cB	-20.04±24.56abcA	-15.08±9.75abA	-7.47±9.94aA	-18.25±14.97abc
Cohesiveness (%)	0.38±0.08c		0.44±0.15bcA	0.44±0.08bcA	0.53±0.04abAB	0.54±0.02abA	0.58±0.03aA
Gumminess (kg)	264.81±134.45bc		505.03±158.78aA	409.47±231.10abA	250.28±69.06bcA	235.94±53.49bcA	205.07±55.79cA
Chewiness (kg)	173.85±116.71b		350.44±124.52aA	296.54±182.59abA	171.88±45.64bA	164.41±39.18bAB	159.81±46.77bA
Resilience (%)	0.11±0.02b		0.15±0.06abA	0.15±0.03abA	0.18±0.02aA	0.19±0.01aA	0.19±0.03aA
Baking soda	Hardness (kg)	698.63±364.86bc	996.09±454.32aA	295.08±103.42cB	365.18±156.08bcAB	470.87±288.91bcA	340.68±63.02bcA
	Adhesiveness (kg)	-42.11±18.94bc	-9.12±9.42aA	-6.46±4.48aA	-14.58±6.53aA	-9.95±9.33aA	-7.15±3.59a
	Cohesiveness (%)	0.38±0.08c	0.54±0.04aA	0.49±0.08aA	0.55±0.05aA	0.52±0.06aA	0.46±0.10abAB
	Gumminess (kg)	264.81±134.45bc	533.97±227.17aA	142.54±45.41bB	200.18±77.23bAB	239.70±139.53bA	157.41±47.75bAB
	Chewiness (kg)	173.85±116.71b	402.84±159.23aA	119.66±37.92bB	164.50±60.43bA	191.92±124.91bA	123.60±35.86bAB
	Resilience (%)	0.11±0.02b	0.18±0.02aA	0.16±0.03aA	0.18±0.02aA	0.17±0.03aA	0.14±0.04abB
Yeast	Hardness (kg)	698.63±364.86a	438.08±161.39bB	226.88±100.55bcB	243.85±86.77bcB	209.26±76.94bcA	181.96±234.23cB
	Adhesiveness (kg)	-42.11±18.93a	-19.64±12.64aAB	-20.38±13.62aA	-21.68±19.31aA	-13.23±7.01aA	-7.81±6.51b
	Cohesiveness (%)	0.38±0.08b	0.51±0.05aA	0.48±0.03aA	0.49±0.02aB	0.50±0.08aA	0.50±0.04aB
	Gumminess (kg)	264.81±134.45a	220.37±61.60aB	108.18±45.74bB	118.03±40.70bB	103.36±37.38bB	90.20±88.47bB
	Chewiness (kg)	173.85±116.71a	153.22±54.88aB	77.87±32.83bB	75.30±12.58bB	71.51±27.22bB	73.47±48.49bB
	Resilience (%)	0.11±0.02c	0.16±0.03aA	0.14±0.12abA	0.13±0.10bcB	0.14±0.03abcB	0.14±0.02abB

Mean±SD
superscriptive letters in a row indicate significance at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test
superscriptive letters in a column indicate significance at p<0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range test